Host:   Since we now know that galactic redshifts cannot primarily be the same phenomenon of nature as familiar Doppler velocity shifts in local space, and that the universe cannot be expanding, this still leaves us with one other major unanswered question: namely, what really causes Galactic Redshifts?

Can any of you deduce anything else from Figure 14 which depicts Dr. Hubble’s linear correlation of magnitudes of redshifts relative to the estimated distances of their source galaxies out to about 56 million light years from Earth?

Newton:   Yes, I believe we can. Please look at Figure 14 and try to follow my line of reasoning.

The light shifts of the Local Group of galaxies depict an arbitrary and random pattern of redshifts and blueshifts along a median line out to about 8 million light years distance from Earth. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that these light shifts are primarily caused by the familiar local Doppler velocity effect of light.

But because we now know that the more distant galactic redshifts that are proportional to distance cannot be primarily caused by the familiar Doppler velocity effect of light, we must assume that their primary cause results from the alternate theory: that light loses energy when it propagates over great distances, and thus its absorption spectrum shifts toward the red (less energy) end of the radiation spectrum depending upon the distance that it propagates through the vacuum of space. I believe that both of these concepts and conclusions are illustrated in Figure 14.

Thus the only real difference between the random pattern of light shifts exhibited by the Local Group of galaxies, and Hubble’s observed linear correction of redshift magnitudes to the distance of their source bodies beyond 8 million light years, merely results from the greater loss of light energy attributed to the light emitted from the more distant galaxies and the greater the distance such light quanta must propagate in order to reach the Earth.

In other words, there are basically two components for any observed galactic redshifts. One component is the Doppler velocity effect of light with its original emitted energy substantially intact. This component is caused by the relative velocity between the light source and the distant observer on Earth.

The other component is the shift of the absorption spectrum to the red (less energy) end of the radiation spectrum depending upon the distance such light quanta have propagated. This component is caused by the loss of energy of such light quanta which could result for many reasons, not the least of which is the absorption and re-emission of light quanta by uncountable particles of matter that exist in inter-galactic space.

After emitted light has propagated about 8 million light years of distance, the loss of energy component begins to become greater than the relative velocity component. Therefore, after this point, every light shift begins to be observed as a redshift, with a constantly increasing magnitude of redshift depending upon the distance the light quanta must propagate.

If one could (for a moment) ignore that percentage of such redshifts that is attributable to such loss of energy over distance propagated, then the random pattern of such Doppler velocities (to the blue or to the red end of the spectrum) should continue outward from the Earth forever in any direction for all galaxies, regardless of their distance from Earth. See Figure 30.